# Licensed under a 3-clause BSD style license - see LICENSE.rst
""" This module contains helper functions for accessing, downloading, and
caching data files.
"""
from __future__ import (absolute_import, division, print_function,
unicode_literals)
from ..extern import six
from ..extern.six.moves import urllib
import atexit
import contextlib
import fnmatch
import hashlib
import os
import io
import shutil
import socket
import sys
import time
from tempfile import NamedTemporaryFile, gettempdir
from warnings import warn
from .. import config as _config
from ..utils.exceptions import AstropyWarning
__all__ = [
'Conf', 'conf', 'get_readable_fileobj', 'get_file_contents',
'get_pkg_data_fileobj', 'get_pkg_data_filename',
'get_pkg_data_contents', 'get_pkg_data_fileobjs',
'get_pkg_data_filenames', 'compute_hash', 'clear_download_cache',
'CacheMissingWarning', 'get_free_space_in_dir',
'check_free_space_in_dir', 'download_file',
'download_files_in_parallel']
[docs]class Conf(_config.ConfigNamespace):
"""
Configuration parameters for `astropy.utils.data`.
"""
dataurl = _config.ConfigItem(
'http://data.astropy.org/',
'URL for astropy remote data site.')
remote_timeout = _config.ConfigItem(
3.,
'Time to wait for remote data queries (in seconds).',
aliases=['astropy.coordinates.name_resolve.name_resolve_timeout'])
compute_hash_block_size = _config.ConfigItem(
2 ** 16, # 64K
'Block size for computing MD5 file hashes.')
download_block_size = _config.ConfigItem(
2 ** 16, # 64K
'Number of bytes of remote data to download per step.')
download_cache_lock_attempts = _config.ConfigItem(
5,
'Number of times to try to get the lock ' +
'while accessing the data cache before giving up.')
delete_temporary_downloads_at_exit = _config.ConfigItem(
True,
'If True, temporary download files created when the cache is '
'inaccessible will be deleted at the end of the python session.')
conf = Conf()
DATAURL = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'DATAURL', 'dataurl')
REMOTE_TIMEOUT = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'REMOTE_TIMEOUT', 'remote_timeout')
COMPUTE_HASH_BLOCK_SIZE = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'COMPUTE_HASH_BLOCK_SIZE', 'compute_hash_block_size')
DOWNLOAD_CACHE_BLOCK_SIZE = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'DOWNLOAD_CACHE_BLOCK_SIZE', 'download_block_size')
DOWNLOAD_CACHE_LOCK_ATTEMPTS = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'DOWNLOAD_CACHE_LOCK_ATTEMPTS', 'download_cache_lock_attempts')
DELETE_TEMPORARY_DOWNLOADS_AT_EXIT = _config.ConfigAlias(
'0.4', 'DELETE_TEMPORARY_DOWNLOADS_AT_EXIT', 'delete_temporary_downloads_at_exit')
[docs]class CacheMissingWarning(AstropyWarning):
"""
This warning indicates the standard cache directory is not accessible, with
the first argument providing the warning message. If args[1] is present, it
is a filename indicating the path to a temporary file that was created to
store a remote data download in the absence of the cache.
"""
def _is_url(string):
"""
Test whether a string is a valid URL
Parameters
----------
string : str
The string to test
"""
url = urllib.parse.urlparse(string)
# url[0]==url.scheme, but url[0] is py 2.6-compat
# we can't just check that url[0] is not an empty string, because
# file paths in windows would return a non-empty scheme (e.g. e:\\
# returns 'e').
return url[0].lower() in ['http', 'https', 'ftp', 'sftp', 'ssh', 'file']
def _is_inside(path, parent_path):
# We have to try realpath too to avoid issues with symlinks, but we leave
# abspath because some systems like debian have the absolute path (with no
# symlinks followed) match, but the real directories in different
# locations, so need to try both cases.
return os.path.abspath(path).startswith(os.path.abspath(parent_path)) \
or os.path.realpath(path).startswith(os.path.realpath(parent_path))
@contextlib.contextmanager
[docs]def get_readable_fileobj(name_or_obj, encoding=None, cache=False,
show_progress=True, remote_timeout=None):
"""
Given a filename or a readable file-like object, return a context
manager that yields a readable file-like object.
This supports passing filenames, URLs, and readable file-like
objects, any of which can be compressed in gzip or bzip2.
Notes
-----
This function is a context manager, and should be used for example
as::
with get_readable_fileobj('file.dat') as f:
contents = f.read()
Parameters
----------
name_or_obj : str or file-like object
The filename of the file to access (if given as a string), or
the file-like object to access.
If a file-like object, it must be opened in binary mode.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that on Python 2.x returns `bytes` objects and
on Python 3.x returns `str` (`unicode`) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (`unicode`)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool, optional
Whether to cache the contents of remote URLs.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar if the file is downloaded
from a remote server. Default is `True`.
remote_timeout : float
Timeout for remote requests in seconds (default is the configurable
REMOTE_TIMEOUT, which is 3s by default)
Returns
-------
file : readable file-like object
"""
# close_fds is a list of file handles created by this function
# that need to be closed. We don't want to always just close the
# returned file handle, because it may simply be the file handle
# passed in. In that case it is not the responsibility of this
# function to close it: doing so could result in a "double close"
# and an "invalid file descriptor" exception.
close_fds = []
delete_fds = []
if remote_timeout is None:
# use configfile default
remote_timeout = conf.remote_timeout
# Get a file object to the content
if isinstance(name_or_obj, six.string_types):
if _is_url(name_or_obj):
name_or_obj = download_file(
name_or_obj, cache=cache, show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout)
if six.PY3:
fileobj = io.FileIO(name_or_obj, 'r')
elif six.PY2:
fileobj = open(name_or_obj, 'rb')
close_fds.append(fileobj)
else:
fileobj = name_or_obj
# Check if the file object supports random access, and if not,
# then wrap it in a BytesIO buffer. It would be nicer to use a
# BufferedReader to avoid reading loading the whole file first,
# but that is not compatible with streams or urllib2.urlopen
# objects on Python 2.x.
if not hasattr(fileobj, 'seek'):
fileobj = io.BytesIO(fileobj.read())
# Now read enough bytes to look at signature
signature = fileobj.read(4)
fileobj.seek(0)
if signature[:3] == b'\x1f\x8b\x08': # gzip
import struct
try:
from .compat import gzip
fileobj_new = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=fileobj, mode='rb')
fileobj_new.read(1) # need to check that the file is really gzip
except (IOError, EOFError): # invalid gzip file
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
except struct.error: # invalid gzip file on Python 3
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
else:
fileobj_new.seek(0)
fileobj = fileobj_new
elif signature[:3] == b'BZh': # bzip2
try:
import bz2
except ImportError:
raise ValueError(
".bz2 format files are not supported since the Python "
"interpreter does not include the bz2 module")
try:
# bz2.BZ2File does not support file objects, only filenames, so we
# need to write the data to a temporary file
tmp = NamedTemporaryFile("wb", delete=False)
tmp.write(fileobj.read())
tmp.close()
delete_fds.append(tmp)
fileobj_new = bz2.BZ2File(tmp.name, mode='rb')
fileobj_new.read(1) # need to check that the file is really bzip2
except IOError: # invalid bzip2 file
fileobj.seek(0)
fileobj_new.close()
else:
fileobj_new.seek(0)
close_fds.append(fileobj_new)
fileobj = fileobj_new
# By this point, we have a file, io.FileIO, gzip.GzipFile, or
# bz2.BZ2File instance opened in binary mode (that is, read
# returns bytes). Now we need to, if requested, wrap it in a
# io.TextIOWrapper so read will return unicode based on the
# encoding parameter.
if six.PY3:
needs_textio_wrapper = encoding != 'binary'
elif six.PY2:
needs_textio_wrapper = encoding != 'binary' and encoding is not None
if needs_textio_wrapper:
# A bz2.BZ2File can not be wrapped by a TextIOWrapper,
# so we decompress it to a temporary file and then
# return a handle to that.
try:
import bz2
except ImportError:
pass
else:
if isinstance(fileobj, bz2.BZ2File):
tmp = NamedTemporaryFile("wb", delete=False)
data = fileobj.read()
tmp.write(data)
tmp.close()
delete_fds.append(tmp)
if six.PY3:
fileobj = io.FileIO(tmp.name, 'r')
elif six.PY2:
fileobj = open(tmp.name, 'rb')
close_fds.append(fileobj)
# On Python 2.x, we need to first wrap the regular `file`
# instance in a `io.FileIO` object before it can be
# wrapped in a `TextIOWrapper`. We don't just create an
# `io.FileIO` object in the first place, because we can't
# get a raw file descriptor out of it on Python 2.x, which
# is required for the XML iterparser.
if six.PY2 and isinstance(fileobj, file):
fileobj = io.FileIO(fileobj.fileno())
fileobj = io.BufferedReader(fileobj)
fileobj = io.TextIOWrapper(fileobj, encoding=encoding)
# Ensure that file is at the start - io.FileIO will for
# example not always be at the start:
# >>> import io
# >>> f = open('test.fits', 'rb')
# >>> f.read(4)
# 'SIMP'
# >>> f.seek(0)
# >>> fileobj = io.FileIO(f.fileno())
# >>> fileobj.tell()
# 4096L
fileobj.seek(0)
try:
yield fileobj
finally:
for fd in close_fds:
fd.close()
for fd in delete_fds:
os.remove(fd.name)
[docs]def get_file_contents(name_or_obj, encoding=None, cache=False):
"""
Retrieves the contents of a filename or file-like object.
See the `get_readable_fileobj` docstring for details on parameters.
Returns
-------
content
The content of the file (as requested by ``encoding``).
"""
with get_readable_fileobj(name_or_obj, encoding, cache) as f:
return f.read()
[docs]def get_pkg_data_fileobj(data_name, encoding=None, cache=True):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations for the package and
provides the file as a file-like object that reads bytes.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/395dd6493cc584df1e78b474fb150840'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that on Python 2.x returns `bytes` objects and
on Python 3.x returns `str` (`unicode`) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (`unicode`)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool
If True, the file will be downloaded and saved locally or the
already-cached local copy will be accessed. If False, the
file-like object will directly access the resource (e.g. if a
remote URL is accessed, an object like that from
`urllib2.urlopen` on Python 2 or `urllib.request.urlopen` on
Python 3 is returned).
Returns
-------
fileobj : file-like
An object with the contents of the data file available via
``read`` function. Can be used as part of a ``with`` statement,
automatically closing itself after the ``with`` block.
Raises
------
urllib2.URLError, urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
IOError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve a data file and its contents for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_fileobj
with get_pkg_data_fileobj('data/3d_cd.hdr') as fobj:
fcontents = fobj.read()
This would download a data file from the astropy data server
because the ``standards/vega.fits`` file is not present in the
source distribution. It will also save the file locally so the
next time it is accessed it won't need to be downloaded.::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_fileobj
with get_pkg_data_fileobj('standards/vega.fits') as fobj:
fcontents = fobj.read()
This does the same thing but does *not* cache it locally::
with get_pkg_data_fileobj('standards/vega.fits', cache=False) as fobj:
fcontents = fobj.read()
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_contents : returns the contents of a file or url as a bytes object
get_pkg_data_filename : returns a local name for a file containing the data
"""
datafn = _find_pkg_data_path(data_name)
if os.path.isdir(datafn):
raise IOError("Tried to access a data file that's actually "
"a package data directory")
elif os.path.isfile(datafn): # local file
return get_readable_fileobj(datafn, encoding=encoding)
else: # remote file
return get_readable_fileobj(conf.dataurl + datafn, encoding=encoding,
cache=cache)
[docs]def get_pkg_data_filename(data_name, show_progress=True, remote_timeout=None):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations for the package and
provides a local filename for the data.
This function is similar to `get_pkg_data_fileobj` but returns the
file *name* instead of a readable file-like object. This means
that this function must always cache remote files locally, unlike
`get_pkg_data_fileobj`.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/395dd6493cc584df1e78b474fb150840'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar if the file is downloaded
from a remote server. Default is `True`.
remote_timeout : float
Timeout for the requests in seconds (default is the
configurable `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`, which
is 3s by default)
Raises
------
urllib2.URLError, urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
IOError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
Returns
-------
filename : str
A file path on the local file system corresponding to the data
requested in ``data_name``.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename
fn = get_pkg_data_filename('data/3d_cd.hdr')
with open(fn) as f:
fcontents = f.read()
This retrieves a data file by hash either locally or from the astropy data
server::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filename
fn = get_pkg_data_filename('hash/da34a7b07ef153eede67387bf950bb32')
with open(fn) as f:
fcontents = f.read()
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_contents : returns the contents of a file or url as a bytes object
get_pkg_data_fileobj : returns a file-like object with the data
"""
data_name = os.path.normpath(data_name)
if remote_timeout is None:
# use configfile default
remote_timeout = conf.remote_timeout
if data_name.startswith('hash/'):
# first try looking for a local version if a hash is specified
hashfn = _find_hash_fn(data_name[5:])
if hashfn is None:
return download_file(
conf.dataurl + data_name, cache=True,
show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout)
else:
return hashfn
else:
datafn = _find_pkg_data_path(data_name)
if os.path.isdir(datafn):
raise IOError("Tried to access a data file that's actually "
"a package data directory")
elif os.path.isfile(datafn): # local file
return datafn
else: # remote file
return download_file(
conf.dataurl + data_name, cache=True,
show_progress=show_progress,
timeout=remote_timeout)
[docs]def get_pkg_data_contents(data_name, encoding=None, cache=True):
"""
Retrieves a data file from the standard locations and returns its
contents as a bytes object.
Parameters
----------
data_name : str
Name/location of the desired data file. One of the following:
* The name of a data file included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data/file.dat'`` to get the
file in ``astropy/pkgname/data/file.dat``. Double-dots
can be used to go up a level. In the same example, use
``'../data/file.dat'`` to get ``astropy/data/file.dat``.
* If a matching local file does not exist, the Astropy
data server will be queried for the file.
* A hash like that produced by `compute_hash` can be
requested, prefixed by 'hash/'
e.g. 'hash/395dd6493cc584df1e78b474fb150840'. The hash
will first be searched for locally, and if not found,
the Astropy data server will be queried.
* A URL to some other file.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that on Python 2.x returns `bytes` objects and
on Python 3.x returns `str` (`unicode`) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (`unicode`)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
cache : bool
If True, the file will be downloaded and saved locally or the
already-cached local copy will be accessed. If False, the
file-like object will directly access the resource (e.g. if a
remote URL is accessed, an object like that from
`urllib2.urlopen` on Python 2 or `urllib.request.urlopen` on
Python 3 is returned).
Returns
-------
contents : bytes
The complete contents of the file as a bytes object.
Raises
------
urllib2.URLError, urllib.error.URLError
If a remote file cannot be found.
IOError
If problems occur writing or reading a local file.
See Also
--------
get_pkg_data_fileobj : returns a file-like object with the data
get_pkg_data_filename : returns a local name for a file containing the data
"""
with get_pkg_data_fileobj(data_name, encoding=encoding, cache=cache) as fd:
contents = fd.read()
return contents
[docs]def get_pkg_data_filenames(datadir, pattern='*'):
"""
Returns the path of all of the data files in a given directory
that match a given glob pattern.
Parameters
----------
datadir : str
Name/location of the desired data files. One of the following:
* The name of a directory included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data'`` to get the
files in ``astropy/pkgname/data``.
* Remote URLs are not currently supported.
pattern : str, optional
A UNIX-style filename glob pattern to match files. See the
`glob` module in the standard library for more information.
By default, matches all files.
Returns
-------
filenames : iterator of str
Paths on the local filesystem in *datadir* matching *pattern*.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filenames
for fn in get_pkg_data_filename('maps', '*.hdr'):
with open(fn) as f:
fcontents = f.read()
"""
path = _find_pkg_data_path(datadir)
if os.path.isfile(path):
raise IOError(
"Tried to access a data directory that's actually "
"a package data file")
elif os.path.isdir(path):
for filename in os.listdir(path):
if fnmatch.fnmatch(filename, pattern):
yield os.path.join(path, filename)
else:
raise IOError("Path not found")
[docs]def get_pkg_data_fileobjs(datadir, pattern='*', encoding=None):
"""
Returns readable file objects for all of the data files in a given
directory that match a given glob pattern.
Parameters
----------
datadir : str
Name/location of the desired data files. One of the following:
* The name of a directory included in the source
distribution. The path is relative to the module
calling this function. For example, if calling from
``astropy.pkname``, use ``'data'`` to get the
files in ``astropy/pkgname/data``
* Remote URLs are not currently supported
pattern : str, optional
A UNIX-style filename glob pattern to match files. See the
`glob` module in the standard library for more information.
By default, matches all files.
encoding : str, optional
When `None` (default), returns a file-like object with a
``read`` method that on Python 2.x returns `bytes` objects and
on Python 3.x returns `str` (`unicode`) objects, using
`locale.getpreferredencoding` as an encoding. This matches
the default behavior of the built-in `open` when no ``mode``
argument is provided.
When ``'binary'``, returns a file-like object where its ``read``
method returns `bytes` objects.
When another string, it is the name of an encoding, and the
file-like object's ``read`` method will return `str` (`unicode`)
objects, decoded from binary using the given encoding.
Returns
-------
fileobjs : iterator of file objects
File objects for each of the files on the local filesystem in
*datadir* matching *pattern*.
Examples
--------
This will retrieve the contents of the data file for the `astropy.wcs`
tests::
from astropy.utils.data import get_pkg_data_filenames
for fd in get_pkg_data_filename('maps', '*.hdr'):
fcontents = fd.read()
"""
for fn in get_pkg_data_filenames(datadir, pattern):
with get_pkg_data_fileobj(fn, encoding=encoding) as fd:
yield fd
[docs]def compute_hash(localfn):
""" Computes the MD5 hash for a file.
The hash for a data file is used for looking up data files in a unique
fashion. This is of particular use for tests; a test may require a
particular version of a particular file, in which case it can be accessed
via hash to get the appropriate version.
Typically, if you wish to write a test that requires a particular data
file, you will want to submit that file to the astropy data servers, and
use
e.g. ``get_pkg_data_filename('hash/a725fa6ba642587436612c2df0451956')``,
but with the hash for your file in place of the hash in the example.
Parameters
----------
localfn : str
The path to the file for which the hash should be generated.
Returns
-------
md5hash : str
The hex digest of the MD5 hash for the contents of the ``localfn``
file.
"""
with open(localfn, 'rb') as f:
h = hashlib.md5()
block = f.read(conf.compute_hash_block_size)
while block:
h.update(block)
block = f.read(conf.compute_hash_block_size)
return h.hexdigest()
def _find_pkg_data_path(data_name):
"""
Look for data in the source-included data directories and return the
path.
"""
from ..utils import find_current_module
module = find_current_module(1, True)
if module is None:
# not called from inside an astropy package. So just pass name through
return data_name
if not hasattr(module, '__package__') or not module.__package__:
# The __package__ attribute may be missing or set to None; see PEP-366,
# also astropy issue #1256
if '.' in module.__name__:
pkgname = module.__name__.rpartition('.')[0]
else:
pkgname = module.__name__
else:
pkgname = module.__package__
rootpkgname = pkgname.partition('.')[0]
rootpkg = __import__(rootpkgname)
module_path = os.path.dirname(module.__file__)
path = os.path.join(module_path, data_name)
root_dir = os.path.dirname(rootpkg.__file__)
assert _is_inside(path, root_dir), \
("attempted to get a local data file outside "
"of the " + rootpkgname + " tree")
return path
def _find_hash_fn(hash):
"""
Looks for a local file by hash - returns file name if found and a valid
file, otherwise returns None.
"""
try:
dldir, urlmapfn = _get_download_cache_locs()
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
msg = 'Could not access cache directory to search for data file: '
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + str(e)))
return None
hashfn = os.path.join(dldir, hash)
if os.path.isfile(hashfn):
return hashfn
else:
return None
[docs]def get_free_space_in_dir(path):
"""
Given a path to a directory, returns the amount of free space (in
bytes) on that filesystem.
Parameters
----------
path : str
The path to a directory
Returns
-------
bytes : int
The amount of free space on the partition that the directory
is on.
"""
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
import ctypes
free_bytes = ctypes.c_ulonglong(0)
retval = ctypes.windll.kernel32.GetDiskFreeSpaceExW(
ctypes.c_wchar_p(path), None, None, ctypes.pointer(free_bytes))
if retval == 0:
raise IOError('Checking free space on %r failed unexpectedly.' %
path)
return free_bytes.value
else:
stat = os.statvfs(path)
return stat.f_bavail * stat.f_frsize
[docs]def check_free_space_in_dir(path, size):
"""
Determines if a given directory has enough space to hold a file of
a given size. Raises an IOError if the file would be too large.
Parameters
----------
path : str
The path to a directory
size : int
A proposed filesize (in bytes)
Raises
-------
IOError : There is not enough room on the filesystem
"""
from ..utils.console import human_file_size
space = get_free_space_in_dir(path)
if space < size:
raise IOError(
"Not enough free space in '{0}' "
"to download a {1} file".format(
path, human_file_size(size)))
[docs]def download_file(remote_url, cache=False, show_progress=True, timeout=None):
"""
Accepts a URL, downloads and optionally caches the result
returning the filename, with a name determined by the file's MD5
hash. If ``cache=True`` and the file is present in the cache, just
returns the filename.
Parameters
----------
remote_url : str
The URL of the file to download
cache : bool, optional
Whether to use the cache
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar during the download (default
is `True`)
timeout : float, optional
The timeout, in seconds. Otherwise, use
`astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`.
Returns
-------
local_path : str
Returns the local path that the file was download to.
Raises
------
urllib2.URLError, urllib.error.URLError
Whenever there's a problem getting the remote file.
"""
from ..utils.console import ProgressBarOrSpinner
if timeout is None:
timeout = conf.remote_timeout
missing_cache = False
if timeout is None:
# use configfile default
timeout = REMOTE_TIMEOUT()
if cache:
try:
dldir, urlmapfn = _get_download_cache_locs()
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
msg = 'Remote data cache could not be accessed due to '
estr = '' if len(e.args) < 1 else (': ' + str(e))
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + e.__class__.__name__ + estr))
cache = False
missing_cache = True # indicates that the cache is missing to raise a warning later
if six.PY2 and isinstance(remote_url, six.text_type):
# shelve DBs don't accept unicode strings in Python 2
url_key = remote_url.encode('utf-8')
else:
url_key = remote_url
try:
if cache:
# We don't need to acquire the lock here, since we are only reading
with _open_shelve(urlmapfn, True) as url2hash:
if url_key in url2hash:
return url2hash[url_key]
with contextlib.closing(urllib.request.urlopen(
remote_url, timeout=timeout)) as remote:
#keep a hash to rename the local file to the hashed name
hash = hashlib.md5()
info = remote.info()
if 'Content-Length' in info:
try:
size = int(info['Content-Length'])
except ValueError:
size = None
else:
size = None
if size is not None:
check_free_space_in_dir(gettempdir(), size)
if cache:
check_free_space_in_dir(dldir, size)
if show_progress:
progress_stream = sys.stdout
else:
progress_stream = io.StringIO()
dlmsg = "Downloading {0}".format(remote_url)
with ProgressBarOrSpinner(size, dlmsg, file=progress_stream) as p:
with NamedTemporaryFile(delete=False) as f:
try:
bytes_read = 0
block = remote.read(conf.download_block_size)
while block:
f.write(block)
hash.update(block)
bytes_read += len(block)
p.update(bytes_read)
block = remote.read(conf.download_block_size)
except:
if os.path.exists(f.name):
os.remove(f.name)
raise
if cache:
_acquire_download_cache_lock()
try:
with _open_shelve(urlmapfn, True) as url2hash:
# We check now to see if another process has
# inadvertently written the file underneath us
# already
if url_key in url2hash:
return url2hash[url_key]
local_path = os.path.join(dldir, hash.hexdigest())
shutil.move(f.name, local_path)
url2hash[url_key] = local_path
finally:
_release_download_cache_lock()
else:
local_path = f.name
if missing_cache:
msg = ('File downloaded to temporary location due to problem '
'with cache directory and will not be cached.')
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg, local_path))
if conf.delete_temporary_downloads_at_exit:
global _tempfilestodel
_tempfilestodel.append(local_path)
except urllib.error.URLError as e:
if hasattr(e, 'reason') and hasattr(e.reason, 'errno') and e.reason.errno == 8:
e.reason.strerror = e.reason.strerror + '. requested URL: ' + remote_url
e.reason.args = (e.reason.errno, e.reason.strerror)
raise e
except socket.timeout as e:
# this isn't supposed to happen, but occasionally a socket.timeout gets
# through. It's supposed to be caught in `urrlib2` and raised in this
# way, but for some reason in mysterious circumstances it doesn't. So
# we'll just re-raise it here instead
raise urllib.error.URLError(e)
return local_path
def _do_download_files_in_parallel(args):
return download_file(*args, show_progress=False)
[docs]def download_files_in_parallel(urls, cache=False, show_progress=True,
timeout=None):
"""
Downloads multiple files in parallel from the given URLs. Blocks until
all files have downloaded. The result is a list of local file paths
corresponding to the given urls.
Parameters
----------
urls : list of str
The URLs to retrieve.
cache : bool, optional
Whether to use the cache
show_progress : bool, optional
Whether to display a progress bar during the download (default
is `True`)
timeout : float, optional
Timeout for the requests in seconds (default is the
configurable `astropy.utils.data.Conf.remote_timeout`).
Returns
-------
paths : list of str
The local file paths corresponding to the downloaded URLs.
"""
from .console import ProgressBar
if timeout is None:
timeout = conf.remote_timeout
if show_progress:
progress = sys.stdout
else:
progress = io.BytesIO()
if timeout is None:
# use configfile default
timeout = REMOTE_TIMEOUT()
# Combine duplicate URLs
combined_urls = list(set(urls))
combined_paths = ProgressBar.map(
_do_download_files_in_parallel,
[(x, cache) for x in combined_urls],
file=progress,
multiprocess=True)
paths = []
for url in urls:
paths.append(combined_paths[combined_urls.index(url)])
return paths
# This is used by download_file and _deltemps to determine the files to delete
# when the interpreter exits
_tempfilestodel = []
@atexit.register
def _deltemps():
global _tempfilestodel
if _tempfilestodel is not None:
while len(_tempfilestodel) > 0:
fn = _tempfilestodel.pop()
if os.path.isfile(fn):
os.remove(fn)
[docs]def clear_download_cache(hashorurl=None):
""" Clears the data file cache by deleting the local file(s).
Parameters
----------
hashorurl : str or None
If None, the whole cache is cleared. Otherwise, either specifies a
hash for the cached file that is supposed to be deleted, or a URL that
has previously been downloaded to the cache.
Raises
------
OSEerror
If the requested filename is not present in the data directory.
"""
try:
dldir, urlmapfn = _get_download_cache_locs()
except (IOError, OSError) as e:
msg = 'Not clearing data cache - cache inacessable due to '
estr = '' if len(e.args) < 1 else (': ' + str(e))
warn(CacheMissingWarning(msg + e.__class__.__name__ + estr))
return
_acquire_download_cache_lock()
try:
if hashorurl is None:
if os.path.exists(dldir):
shutil.rmtree(dldir)
if os.path.exists(urlmapfn):
os.unlink(urlmapfn)
else:
with _open_shelve(urlmapfn, True) as url2hash:
filepath = os.path.join(dldir, hashorurl)
assert _is_inside(filepath, dldir), \
("attempted to use clear_download_cache on a path "
"outside the data cache directory")
# shelve DBs don't accept unicode strings as keys in Python 2
if six.PY2 and isinstance(hashorurl, six.text_type):
hash_key = hashorurl.encode('utf-8')
else:
hash_key = hashorurl
if os.path.exists(filepath):
for k, v in list(six.iteritems(url2hash)):
if v == filepath:
del url2hash[k]
os.unlink(filepath)
elif hash_key in url2hash:
filepath = url2hash[hash_key]
del url2hash[hash_key]
os.unlink(filepath)
else:
msg = 'Could not find file or url {0}'
raise OSError(msg.format(hashorurl))
finally:
# the lock will be gone if rmtree was used above, but release otherwise
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(_get_download_cache_locs()[0], 'lock')):
_release_download_cache_lock()
def _get_download_cache_locs():
""" Finds the path to the data cache directory and makes them if
they don't exist.
Returns
-------
datadir : str
The path to the data cache directory.
shelveloc : str
The path to the shelve object that stores the cache info.
"""
from ..config.paths import get_cache_dir
datadir = os.path.join(get_cache_dir(), 'download')
shelveloc = os.path.join(get_cache_dir(), 'download_urlmap')
if not os.path.exists(datadir):
try:
os.mkdir(datadir)
except OSError as e:
if not os.path.exists(datadir):
raise
elif not os.path.isdir(datadir):
msg = 'Data cache directory {0} is not a directory'
raise IOError(msg.format(datadir))
if os.path.isdir(shelveloc):
msg = 'Data cache shelve object location {0} is a directory'
raise IOError(msg.format(shelveloc))
return datadir, shelveloc
def _open_shelve(shelffn, withclosing=False):
"""
opens a shelf in a way that is py3.x and py2.x compatible. If
`withclosing` is True, it will be opened with closing, allowing use like:
with _open_shelve('somefile',True) as s:
...
"""
import shelve
if six.PY2:
shelf = shelve.open(shelffn, protocol=2)
elif six.PY3:
shelf = shelve.open(shelffn + '.db', protocol=2)
if withclosing:
return contextlib.closing(shelf)
else:
return shelf
#the cache directory must be locked before any writes are performed. Same for
#the hash shelve, so this should be used for both.
def _acquire_download_cache_lock():
"""
Uses the lock directory method. This is good because `mkdir` is
atomic at the system call level, so it's thread-safe.
"""
lockdir = os.path.join(_get_download_cache_locs()[0], 'lock')
for i in range(conf.download_cache_lock_attempts):
try:
os.mkdir(lockdir)
#write the pid of this process for informational purposes
with open(os.path.join(lockdir, 'pid'), 'w') as f:
f.write(str(os.getpid()))
except OSError:
time.sleep(1)
else:
return
msg = 'Unable to acquire lock for cache directory ({0} exists)'
raise RuntimeError(msg.format(lockdir))
def _release_download_cache_lock():
lockdir = os.path.join(_get_download_cache_locs()[0], 'lock')
if os.path.isdir(lockdir):
#if the pid file is present, be sure to remove it
pidfn = os.path.join(lockdir, 'pid')
if os.path.exists(pidfn):
os.remove(pidfn)
os.rmdir(lockdir)
else:
msg = 'Error releasing lock. "{0}" either does not exist or is not ' +\
'a directory.'
raise RuntimeError(msg.format(lockdir))